Introduction to Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is the branch of engineering in the initial or first rank, a specialized building and infrastructure construction of the human person, such as building houses or housing generally buildings, villas and palaces ... , Planning and building roads and bridges, bridges, dams and spending, and irrigation systems, agriculture, and the giant buildings, airports, sewage plants, pumping stations and all the works for the man and with the utmost strength and stability, and durability. Has emerged as the name of civil engineering since many centuries, is an alternative to military engineering or its equivalent, and military engineering was the most common types of engineering and widespread days of Greek civilization and civilization Romanian ... Therefore  Civil Engineering Branches of the most common and widespread ... Therefore, the complexity of them, structural engineering and transport engineering, transportation and water resources engineering and engineering concrete, soil and foundation engineering, etc. ... The following is a brief summary:
- Engineering Construction: 

entrusted with the structural design of buildings, bridges and facilities in general, and through diligent analysis and careful studies of the resources of the construction and performance.
- Geotechnical Engineering and Foundations: 

It means the design rules and principles of facilities, In addition to installing and consolidating the soil during road construction and the like.
- Transport Engineering and Transportation: 

specializes in matters of roads, pavement and traffic planning, cities, and airports and railways.
- Water and sanitation: 

In order to flood protection and construction of dams, and for protection from pollution control, and then control the sources of water, and rid the people of the residue, and waste plants.
The most important actions that can be exercised by the engineer of buildings:
  

- The basic design of the buildings.

- Implementation and supervision of the buildings.

- Operation and maintenance of facilities.

- Planning of engineering.

- Planning Engineering.

- Road work and paving, and road management as well.

- The work of missile bases.

- Establishment of airports.

- The establishment of ports.

- The establishment of sewage plants.

- The establishment of water stations.

- The establishment of railways.

- Planning of cities and villages ... Etc.

- Oil drilling and mining and geology.

- Construction sites, military and civilian oversight of them.

- The work of many other too ...

The most important business operated by a   specialist Civil Engineering
  - Design: 

the design of each will be created as a safe mechanisms.
- Construction: 

Create and implement all that has been designed, and supervising the implementation of the utmost precision, such as the construction of buildings, bridges and roads in general, and airports and missile bases, ports, and water stations and sewage plants, and ports. Follows the construction and implementation phase is always operating and maintenance of the facility, and maintenance of all particles and facilities established and attached to it ..
- Planning: 

Sometimes planning is part of the design, but the planning of cities and villages, engineered and strategically, may differ for use of computing.
- Drilling:

drilling oil wells, and the work of geology, mining and drilling water, sewerage works.
- Other business: 

the work area, and management of roads and paving .. Etc.  

  Source 

  Engineering Sciences between past, present and future
  Dr.Eng. Raafat ELkamar